| |
Pressure |
Impact |
| Industries |
Salinity: TDS
Chloride
Sodium
Hardness
Heavy metals
Iron
Manganese
Ammonia |
TDS
Reduced crop yields for irrigation farmers,
High costs for desalinating or softening of water
Increased soap consumption
Chloride
- Greater corrosion potential
- Negative effect on crop production
Sodium
- Negative effect for cardiac patients
- Reduced crop yield
- Reduced soil drainage
Hardness
- Scale formation in pipes and appliances
Bicarbonate
- Problematic for certain irrigated crops
|
Metal Sheeting Industries
|
Heavy metals Ph
Copper levels
Chromium levels
Cadmium
Nickel
Lead
Zinc
Cobalt
Molybdenum |
Heavy metals
Mutagenic
Carcinogenic
tetratogenic
|
| Mining |
Salinity Sulphate
PH |
Sulphate
corrosion potential of water
laxative effects
|
| Urbanisation |
Urban run off |
Heavy metals |
| Population growth |
Water demand |
Higher water demand Higher
pollution levels
Inadequate infrastructure and services |
| Informal Settlements |
Waste in rivers |
Blockage of drains Overflowing
of sewerage systems |
| Sewerage systems Informal
Settlements |
Eutrophication Phosphate
Nitrogen
Pathogens in water
E coli
Ammonia
|
Phosphate and Nitrogen
Blocked filters
Can result in toxicity
Causes geosmin taste and odor problems
Carcinogenic trihalomethane (during pre-columniation)
Impact on recreation
E Coli
- Diarrhoeal diseases
- Parasitic infestation
|
| Inadequate environmental
knowledge |
Increase in pollution, water
wastage and over consumption |
Over-consumption Wastage |
